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MPs Entering Human Circulation through Infusions: A Significant Pathway and Health Concern
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This study measured the microplastics released by standard intravenous infusion equipment and found approximately 7,500 polypropylene particles per liter of fluid, with most particles between 1 and 20 micrometers in size. Standard filtration built into these medical devices does not fully prevent microplastic contamination. Since these particles enter the bloodstream directly, even small amounts could accumulate in organs like the liver, spleen, and lungs over time.
Human uptake of microplastic particles (MPs) is causing increasing health concerns, and there is mounting pressure to evaluate the associated risks. While MPs can be ingested, breathed in, or drank in, a very direct entrance channel is available through ingress into the bloodstream. Intravenous infusion usually proceeds from plastic bottles. Many are made of polypropylene (PP), and filtering is applied to limit particle contamination. In this study, we examined the MPs' content of filtrates using a combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We find that the number of PP particles is significant (∼7500 particles/L). The MP sizes range from 1 to 62 μm, with a median of ∼8.5 μm. About 90% of particles ranged between 1 and 20 μm in size, with ∼60% in the range 1 to 10 μm. We then discuss the potential number of such particles injected and the consequences of their presence in the bloodstream. We highlight the organs for potential deposition, and we discuss possible clinical effects. Our quantitative data are important to help evaluate the toxicity risks associated with MPs and to accurately balance those risks versus the benefits of using intravenous injections.
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This study found that common medical devices used for intravenous injections -- syringes, infusion sets, and vein needles -- release microplastics directly into patients' bloodstreams. The dominant particles were polyethylene and polypropylene fragments, and repeated use of devices significantly increased the amount released. While the total number of particles entering the body this way is lower than from food, the direct injection into blood makes this exposure pathway especially concerning.
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This study systematically evaluated factors affecting micro(nano)plastic (MNP) release from medical infusion products during intravenous therapy. Results indicated that MNPs are released into IV fluid at measurable levels, potentially delivering plastic particles directly into the bloodstream of patients.
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This study discovered that microplastics are present in intravenous (IV) infusion products used in hospitals, identifying a previously unrecognized route of microplastic exposure that bypasses the body's natural barriers. Standard IV filters removed some but not all of the plastic particles. This finding is important because IV-delivered microplastics go directly into the bloodstream, potentially posing a greater risk than microplastics that are eaten or inhaled.
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