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Sensitive Response of the Freshwater Bivalve Unio tumidus to Exposure to a Mixture of Psychoactive Substances and Microplastics

Original title: Чутлива Реакція Прісноводних Молюсків Unio Tumidus На Дію Суміші Психоактивних Речовин Та Мікропластику

Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Series Biology 2025
Kateryna Yunko, Viktoria Martyniuk, Vira Khoma, Lesya Gnatyshyna, O. Mykhalyuk, Vitaliy Baranovskyi, Mykola Gladiuk, Halyna Tulaidan, Alla Mudra, Оksana Stoliar

Summary

Researchers exposed freshwater mussels (Unio tumidus) to microplastics, caffeine, chlorpromazine, and their mixture for 14 days and measured biochemical biomarkers of stress and toxicity. All exposures caused toxicity (lysosomal membrane instability, cholinesterase inactivation, altered Zn/Cu ratios), with MP notably increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, and the combined mixture showing cumulative negative effects on phenol oxidase.

Study Type Environmental

This study investigates the effects of psychoactive substances and microplastics (MP) on the aquatic environment using swollen river mussels (Unio tumidus) as bioindicators. Mussels were exposed to microplastic, caffeine, chlorpromazine and their mixture for 14 days and biochemical biomarkers of stress and toxicity were analysed. All exposures caused the signs of toxicity, indicated as the loss of lysosomal membrane stability, inactivation of choline esterase, and decrease of the Zn/Cu ratio. All exposures, particularly MP, increased the glutathione level, indicating the involving of low weight cellular thiols in the stress response. Exposure to MP induced superoxide dismutase, and mixture decreased phenol oxidase activity, confirming the negative cumulative effect of the combine exposure.

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