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Comparative Assessment Of Heavy Metal Accumulation In Two Commercial Fish Species (Clarias Gariepinus And Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus) From Amansea River, Nigeria
Summary
Researchers measured heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Cr) in water, sediment, and tissues of two commercially important fish species from Amansea River, Nigeria. C. nigrodigitatus accumulated significantly more cadmium and chromium than C. gariepinus, with Bioaccumulation Factors indicating species-specific differences in heavy metal uptake relevant to food safety.
This study evaluated species-specific patterns of heavy metal bioaccumulation in two economically important fish species from Amansea River, southeastern Nigeria.Samples of water, sediment, and fish tissues (Clarias gariepinus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) were collected from three locations between November 2023 and April 2024.Concentrations of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.Results revealed distinct bioaccumulation patterns between species.C. nigrodigitatus demonstrated significantly higher accumulation of Cd (0.045 0.004 mg/kg vs. 0.032 0.003 mg/kg; p = 0.010) and Cr (0.055 0.004 mg/kg vs. 0.006 0.004 mg/kg; p < 0.001) compared to C. gariepinus.Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) showed C. nigrodigitatus had substantially higher capacity to accumulate Pb (BAF = 11.556) and Cr (BAF = 2.200) compared to C. gariepinus (BAF = 0.778 and 0.240, respectively).In contrast, C. gariepinus exhibited greater mercury accumulation tendencies (BAF = 0.447 vs. 0.206).Human health risk assessment indicated mercury posed potential health concerns (Target Hazard Quotient = 1.063), with species-specific risks varying considerably.The observed accumulation differences likely reflect disparate feeding ecologies and habitat utilization, with the benthic-feeding C. nigrodigitatus accumulating sediment-associated metals, while the more predatory C. gariepinus showed enhanced mercury bioaccumulation.These findings demonstrate the importance of considering species-specific accumulation patterns in biomonitoring programs and developing targeted consumption advisories to protect public health.
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