Adverse Outcome Phenomena and Toxicity Mechanisms of Micro and Nanoplastics in Human Health

Cellular and Animal Toxicities of Micro- and Nanoplastics

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Researchers reviewed evidence from cell and animal studies on the toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics, finding that these particles can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and organ damage in laboratory models, raising concern about what chronic low-level human exposure might mean for long-term health.

Microplastics and nanoplastics in human health: a comprehensive review of exposure pathways, cellular mechanisms, and toxicological implications

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Researchers reviewed human exposure pathways to microplastics and nanoplastics through seafood, salt, drinking water, inhalation, and skin contact, examining how these particles cross biological barriers to reach organs and trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption with poorly understood long-term consequences.

Toxicological Effects of Ingested Microplastics on Human Health

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Researchers reviewed the toxicological effects of ingested microplastics on human health, examining how these ubiquitous particles accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and potential systemic harm across multiple organ systems.

The Potential Human Impacts of Environmental Contamination by Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Review

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Researchers reviewed human health consequences of environmental micro- and nanoplastic contamination, noting that while detection in human tissues is growing, the extent of biological harm remains poorly characterized and requires more systematic study of exposure routes and dose-response relationships.

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review of Exposure Pathways, Biological Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications