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Physical, thermal, chemical and biological approaches for plastics degradation–A review
Summary
Researchers reviewed physical, chemical, and biological methods for breaking down and removing microplastics from soil and water, covering everything from filtration and membranes to bacteria and fungi that digest plastic. Each method has trade-offs in effectiveness and cost, and the review concludes that combined, integrated approaches will likely be necessary for real-world cleanup.
• Microplastics are pervasive pollutants in soil and water that break down slowly. • This review focuses on strategies on degradation / removal of plastics • Physical, thermal, biological and chemical approaches have been discussed. Microplastics are pervasive pollutants in soil and water that break down slowly. Microplastics can adsorb other pollutants and have a high stability, long life time, and high fragmentation potential. The widespread presence of microplastics and their possible ecological effects make their removal from the environment a critical issue at the moment. This makes it necessary to find ways to eliminate micro plastics from the water and other media. Here, we go over numerous approaches have been put forth and examined in an effort to tackle this problem. Chemical, physical, and biological techniques are used in removal processes. The primary breakdown of microplastics by bacteria, fungi, algae, and macrophytes is the main function of biological methods. Physical methods include membrane technology, adsorption, centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration techniques. Chemical techniques contain the plasma treatment, Fenton and photo-Fenton process and thermal degradation. Every technique has benefits and drawbacks, which emphasizes the requirement for integrated strategies catered to various environmental conditions and microplastic kinds. The main topics we covered were the mechanisms, effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of different removal techniques.