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Evaluating Solutions to Marine Plastic Pollution
Summary
This review evaluates different approaches to tackling ocean plastic pollution, from cleanup technologies to policy measures and material alternatives. The authors note that millions of tons of plastic float in the oceans, forming large accumulations, and that microplastics entering the food chain pose risks to human health. The review emphasizes that no single solution will work alone and that combining prevention, cleanup, and better waste management is essential.
The pollution of the oceans by plastic waste is one of the major environmental problems of our time. It is estimated that there are millions of tons of polymers floating on the surface of the oceans, concentrated in several large plastic accumulations so-called plastic islands. The main consequence of marine plastic pollution is the negative impact on marine ecosystems and wildlife. The microplastics can be ingested by marine organisms and transferred through the food chain, potentially having harmful effects on human health. Humanity needs to take immediate action to reduce the high number of plastics that end up in the oceans, otherwise the harmful consequences for our oceans and for humanity will be irreversible. In view of this scenario, the present bibliometric review reflects a growing global commitment to sustainability. Major areas of research, including data-driven models for plastic waste management, technological innovations in the circular economy and the impact of microplastics on ecosystems and human health, exemplify the diverse strategies being employed to promote sustainability. Integrating advanced technologies with sustainable practices is crucial to reduce the environmental footprint of plastic waste and mitigate its adverse effects on both marine ecosystems and human health.