Nanophotocatalytic synergistic degradation of antibiotics and microplastics: Mechanisms, material design, and environmental applications

This study explores the complex interactions between microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics in aquatic environments, focusing on their effects on photocatalytic degradation processes. MPs, due to their high surface area, can adsorb antibiotics, forming a composite pollutant-carrier system that influences pollutant persistence and degradation efficiency. The manuscript examines both the synergistic and antagonistic effects of these pollutants, particularly under visible light irradiation during photocatalytic reactions. It highlights how MPs can act as electron transport media, aiding charge separation in photocatalytic systems, while also potentially hindering degradation due to shielding effects or biofilm formation. The research emphasizes the impact of MPs aging, which introduces oxygen-containing functional groups, enhancing adsorption capacities for both antibiotics and heavy metals, thereby altering the dynamics of pollutant interaction. Additionally, the study discusses the role of surface functional groups in promoting pollutant adsorption and reducing carrier recombination. By analyzing various photocatalytic materials and degradation mechanisms, the research provides insights into the optimization of photocatalytic systems for efficient pollutant removal. The findings suggest that understanding the interactions between MPs and antibiotics is crucial for improving environmental remediation strategies, particularly in mixed-pollutant systems. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the environmental implications of MPs and antibiotics, providing a foundation for future research and the development of more effective photocatalytic materials. • Nanophotocatalysis enables concurrent removal of antibiotics and microplastics. • ROS-driven interfacial synergy accelerates MPs aging and antibiotic mineralization. • Defect/doping/heterojunction designs boost light harvesting and charge separation. • Magnetic and porous composites enhance adsorption, recyclability, and deep oxidation.