Global distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in aquatic organisms based on meta-analysis

As microplastic pollution in the natural environment intensifies, the risk of microplastic contamination faced by aquatic organisms has garnered increasing widespread attention. Most studies have primarily focused on the impacts of microplastics within specific regions and on particular species. However, with the global migration of microplastics, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive research on the distribution characteristics, ingestion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of microplastics across various aquatic organisms. To address this research gap, the present study systematically evaluates the distribution status of microplastics in global aquatic organisms and assesses their potential ecological risks. Firstly, a review of the sources and impacts of microplastics within aquatic organisms is provided. Secondly, a bibliometric analysis is employed to examine the current research landscape and trends, coupled with a quantitative analysis of how the biological characteristics of aquatic organisms influence microplastic ingestion and the distribution patterns of microplastics within these organisms. Thirdly, the study investigates the mechanisms by which microplastics affect aquatic food chains by examining their impact on organisms at different trophic levels. Finally, strategies to reduce microplastic input into water bodies and future research directions are proposed. The findings offer scientific foundations and decision-making support for global microplastic pollution control, aiming to protect the health and sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems.