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Overview of Coastal and Marine Pollution
Summary
This chapter provides a broad overview of coastal and marine pollution, covering major sources including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and emerging contaminants like microplastics. Researchers highlight that microplastics can cause physical harm to organisms and leach chemical additives, though their full effects on ecosystems and human health are still not completely understood. The work underscores the need for better monitoring and management of pollution flowing from land into the ocean.
Industrial processes are one of the major contributing sources of coastal and marine pollution. Agricultural pollutants are another major contributor to coastal and marine pollution originating from land-based sources. Emerging pollutants like microplastics may pose numerous impacts including physical harm and leach of chemical additives in organisms and humans which are yet to be understood fully. This chapter provides an overview of coastal and marine pollution along with their sources, impacts, and challenges. Coastal and marine pollution is mainly an anthropogenic process, with most pollutants originating from land-based sources. Numerous sources of coastal and marine pollution include industrial processes, agricultural and urban runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills and maritime transport, and plastic pollution. Limited financial and technological resources, lack of political interest, and competing interests make the enforcement of the existing legal framework inadequate.