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Co-exposure of TMPs and antibiotics in zebrafish: The influence of additives on the risk of hepatotoxicity
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Researchers investigated how tire microplastics combined with antibiotics cause liver damage in zebrafish, focusing specifically on the role of chemical additives in the tire particles. They found that different antibiotic-tire microplastic combinations produced varying levels of liver toxicity, with certain additive chemicals playing a key role. The study suggests that the additives leaching from tire microplastics may be an underappreciated contributor to their environmental toxicity.
Co-exposure of tire microplastics (TMPs) and antibiotics has been confirmed to pose toxic risks to aquatic organisms. However, the contributions of TMP additives to these risks and the underlying mechanisms remain underreported. In this study, factor analysis and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the differential additive-related hepatotoxicity risks associated with TMP-antibiotic exposure in zebrafish. The differential hepatotoxicity risks of five types of TMPs and six antibiotics were simulated in the presence of additives. Zebrafish exposed to different TMPs showed significant differences in hepatotoxicity risks, with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) exhibiting the most pronounced toxic effects. The additive contribution analysis revealed that in the presence of SBR additives, TMPs-antibiotics posed higher toxicity risks to the cytochrome P 17A2 (CYP17A2) isoenzymes CYP2K19, CYP1A, CYP3A65, and CYP2K22 in zebrafish, showing synergistic effects primarily driven by plasticizers. Furthermore, the hepatotoxicity risks of TMPs-antibiotics in zebrafish in the presence of additives were significantly mitigated by the selection of alternative plasticizers. The micromechanisms by which additives affected the TMP-antibiotic hepatotoxicity risks in zebrafish were elucidated through mechanistic analysis. This study aimed to characterize the additive-influenced hepatotoxicity risks of TMPs-antibiotics, providing micro-level insights and theoretical support for ecological risk assessments in aquatic environments.
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Researchers investigated the combined toxic effects of tire microplastics and antibiotics on zebrafish, finding that co-exposure caused more severe damage than either pollutant alone. The combination disrupted liver function, triggered oxidative stress, and altered the expression of genes involved in immune response and metabolism. The study suggests that the widespread co-occurrence of tire particles and antibiotics in waterways may pose compounding risks to aquatic life.
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Using computer modeling, this study found that tire microplastics combined with common antibiotics caused significantly more liver damage in zebrafish than brain or developmental harm. The two pollutants worked together to amplify toxicity, meaning the combination was worse than either one alone. This highlights how microplastics in waterways can interact with other contaminants to create greater health risks for aquatic life and potentially for humans who consume seafood.
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Tire wear particles, a major but underappreciated source of microplastic pollution, leached chemicals into seawater that inhibited algae growth, caused developmental problems in zebrafish embryos, and showed hormone-disrupting effects in cell tests. The study found that water-soluble organic compounds from tires -- not just heavy metals like zinc -- were the primary drivers of toxicity, underscoring the need for better regulation of tire additives.
Co-exposure to microplastics and tire particles exacerbates oxidative stress and gut microbiome dysbiosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish for 21 days to environmentally relevant mixtures of microplastics and tire particles and found that combined exposure caused more severe oxidative stress and gut microbiome disruption than either pollutant alone. Particle accumulation occurred mainly in the gut with secondary deposition in the liver, and the most pronounced tissue damage was observed under the highest combined exposure. Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant shifts in community structure, including reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pollutant-tolerant species.
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Researchers found that tire wear particles, a major but often overlooked source of microplastic pollution, affect zebrafish health differently depending on particle size. Smaller particles caused more severe gut microbiome disruption, oxidative stress, and immune responses, suggesting that tire-derived microplastics in waterways may pose a greater health risk to aquatic life than previously recognized.
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