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Toxicity Mechanisms of Microplastic and Its Effects on Ruminant Production: A Review
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This review summarizes how microplastics enter ruminant animals like cattle and sheep through contaminated feed, water, and grazing on plastic-polluted land, and the health problems they cause. Microplastics can damage the gut lining, disrupt the rumen microbiome, cause inflammation, and impair nutrient absorption in livestock. Since ruminants are a major source of meat and dairy products, microplastic contamination in livestock raises questions about potential transfer to humans through the food chain.
Plastic pollution has become one of the major environmental problems facing human beings in the world today. Plastic waste accumulated in the environment forms plastic particles of different sizes due to farming activities, climate change, ultraviolet light, microbial degradation, and animal chewing. The pollution caused by microplastics has become a major environmental problem in recent years, and it is also a research hotspot in the field of ecological environment. More and more studies have found that ruminants are exposed to microplastics for a long time, which seriously threaten their healthy growth. This paper introduces the current situation of plastic pollution; the properties of microplastics and their effects on the ecological environment, human beings, and animals; summarizes the types and toxicity mechanisms of microplastics; and concludes the main ways that microplastics enter ruminants and their harm to them. In addition, the shortcomings and future development of microplastics in ruminants research are summarized and prospected to provide theoretical reference for the related research on alleviating the influence of microplastics on ruminant production.
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Effect of microplastic on rumen metabolism.
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This review examines how microplastics and plastic additives including bisphenols and phthalates accumulate in water, soil, and animal feed and transfer into animal products such as milk, meat, and eggs, raising food safety concerns. The authors discuss microplastics as disruptors of rumen metabolism in livestock.
Microplastics in Farmed Animals—A Review
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This review summarizes research on microplastic contamination in farmed animals including fish, cattle, and poultry, finding that microplastics have been detected in their intestines, liver, kidneys, lungs, and reproductive organs. The particles disrupt gut bacteria, cause tissue damage, and carry toxic chemicals and pathogens. Since these animals are raised for human consumption, microplastics in livestock represent a direct pathway for plastic contamination to reach people through their diet.
Impact of Microplastics on Livestock: Sources, Exposure Pathways, and Physiological Consequences
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This review examined how microplastics enter livestock systems through contaminated soil, water, and feed, and assessed the resulting risks to animal health, food safety, and agricultural sustainability. The review highlights that livestock exposure pathways are numerous and that microplastic contamination of the food chain is a growing concern.
Presence of Microplastics in Livestock Production: A Challenge for Animal Health and Sustainability
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This review examines microplastic contamination in livestock production systems, summarizing evidence of microplastic presence in feed, water, and animal tissues, and discussing implications for animal health, food safety, and sustainability.
Effects of Microplastics on Animal Health and Nutrition
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This review summarizes the current understanding of how microplastic ingestion affects animal health across multiple species including livestock, poultry, and aquatic organisms. Researchers found that microplastics can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of gut function in animals, with smaller particles posing greater risks due to their ability to cross biological barriers. The study suggests that microplastic contamination in feed and water sources is an emerging concern for animal agriculture and nutrition.
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