Potential impacts of microplastic pollution on soil–water–plant dynamics

This study was designed to assess the potential impact of microplastic (MP) pollution on soil hydrology, specifically in retaining and releasing moisture. Herein, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) MP of different sizes (i.e., 0.5-1, 1-3, and 3-5 mm) and shapes (i.e., fiber, film, and fragment) were evaluated for their effects on water retention curve (WRC) of sandy loam soil, chosen for its agricultural relevance and widespread environmental presence of HDPE. Nine contamination scenarios were simulated with a low MP pollution rate, 0.01% w/w. Van Genuchten models were used to assess plant available water (PAW), wilting point (WP), and water holding capacity (WHC). Results showed that studied MP could significantly affect WRC and PAW mainly by changing WHC rather than WP and that this effect varied with MP shape and size. According to the results, fragment MP had the greatest impact on soil WHC by increasing 36.3%, followed by fibers and films by 19.8% and 15.7%. MP particles significantly increased WHC, while WP remained relatively unchanged. An observed trend indicated that the impact on WHC increased with the size of the MP particles. These findings emphasize the need to manage soil MP pollution to protect plant growth, agriculture, and water dynamics.