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Classifications and Physiochemical Properties of Microplastics
Summary
This book chapter provides a detailed overview of microplastic classification and physicochemical properties, covering particle size, crystallinity, surface morphology, density, and chemical characteristics. It emphasizes how these properties influence microplastic behavior in the environment, their interactions with organisms, and the reliability of detection methods.
Microplastics (MPs) refer to polymeric particles characterized by having at least one dimension measuring less than 5 mm. MPs exhibit intricate physicochemical characteristics that influence their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity to organisms, as well as their interactions with adjacent pollutants. The reliable detection and measurement of MPs necessitates an understanding of their properties to ensure a comprehensive assessment of their environmental and ecological impacts. This chapter aims to provide a thorough overview of the classification and distinct properties of MPs derived from nonbiodegradable polymers. The structural properties of MPs, including crystallinity, particle size, surface morphology, and intra- and interparticle interactions, have been comprehensively examined. The significance of density, specific gravity, and specific surface area concerning the fate, transport, and removal of MPs is also emphasized. The important role of chemical properties, including hydrophobicity, solubility, and chemical composition, on MPs is highlighted. The discussion has also encompassed the significance of thermal stability of MPs, alongside the various properties.