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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Environmental Sources Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Nanoplastics Remediation Sign in to save

Biocompatible materials as a sustainable solution to micro- and nanoplastic remediation and their challenges

Journal of environmental chemical engineering 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Amir Hossein Hamidian, Negin Valizadeh, Ali Valizadeh

Summary

This review evaluates biocompatible materials—including chitosan, cellulose, and biopolymers—as sustainable sorbents for removing micro- and nanoplastics from water, highlighting their advantages of biodegradability and low toxicity compared to conventional treatment media.

The alarming accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics (M/NPs) in ecosystems has raised serious environmental and health concerns due to their chemical stability, small size, and resistance to biodegradation. Addressing this challenge requires sustainable and biocompatible remediation strategies. This review explores a wide range of remediation approaches using biocompatible materials, including natural-based polymers, biochar, plant-derived substances, microorganism-derived systems, and protein coronas. Among these materials, natural-based polymers (e.g., chitosan, alginate) effectively adsorb M/NPs via electrostatic interactions and gel encapsulation. Similarly, biochar, due to its highly porous structure, enhances pollutant sequestration, particularly in aquatic systems. Plant-derived substances, including cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), sponges, and aquatic plants, offer promising nature-inspired solutions for M/NP remediation. Microorganism-derived systems facilitate M/NP degradation through enzymatic hydrolysis , biofilm formation, and trapping, while protein coronas influence particle aggregation and sedimentation, improving removal efficiency. The aim of this study is to review a wide range of biocompatible materials for the removal of M/NPs from contaminated environments. This study discusses the functional mechanisms, advantages, and challenges of each material and also proposes opportunities to enhance their efficiency through surface modifications and integration with other remediation technologies. • Biocompatible materials offer promising solutions for mitigating M/NPs. • Natural-based polymers, biochar, protein corona are effective in M/NPs removal. • Plant & microorganisms-derived substances are effective in M/NPs removal. • Investigating the mechanism of action, and optimizing current methods are needed.

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