Microplastic Interference in the Food Chain and Its Adverse Effects on Human Health: A Review

Nowadays, microplastics are a major environmental concern as it is entering the food chain through the ecosystem. In this review we have focuses on the current understanding of microplastics in food and their potential health risks to humans. Such tiny plastic particles are found in various food items like beverages, salt, milk, packaged drinking water, packaged and processed food items, seafood etc. The prevalent presence of microplastics results from the breakdown of larger plastic waste and from direct release of microplastics during food production, processing, supply and serving. The intake of microplastics can lead to several health problems including oxidative stress, excretory problems, immune system related issues and potential carcinogenic impact. Numerous studies show that microplastics contain harmful chemicals and pathogens, which increase health risks. The toxic effects of microplastics depend on their size, shape and chemical composition. As smaller particles can pass through the body’s protective barriers, causing damage to organs. This review provides insights into research work and highlights the urgent need for further research on the effects of microplastics on human health and also calls for action to reduce plastic pollution in our food.