How microplastic pollution directly and indirectly affects the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of the 17 SDGs

This study aims to demonstrate how microplastic pollution impacts the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting the relationship between inadequate plastic waste management and global sustainability, health, social equity, and environmental protection challenges. A theoretical review based on academic literature was conducted to identify and analyze the connections between microplastic pollution and the SDGs. A qualitative analysis was performed to map the intersections between pollution and each of the SDGs, focusing on socio-environmental impacts. The study addresses a theoretical gap in the literature that integrates microplastic pollution and the 17 SDGs, an area that is still underexplored. The academic relevance lies in showing that combating microplastics requires a systemic and multisectoral approach. The results indicate that microplastics directly affect several SDGs, such as SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), among others. The elimination of these pollutants is essential to achieve global sustainability goals. The main theoretical contribution was the creation of an interdisciplinary approach that connects plastic pollution with global sustainability. Methodologically, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of public policies and integrated solutions. The research emphasizes the importance of collaborative actions to reduce microplastics, with direct social implications for public health and environmental preservation of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.