Microplásticos en ecosistemas acuáticos: una revisión sobre su impacto y gestión

Microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is an environmental threat with negative effects on biodiversity and human health. This literature review analyzes its ecological impact and available management strategies. Its main sources, dispersion mechanisms and persistence in the environment were identified. Microplastics affect aquatic fauna through ingestion and bioaccumulation, altering physiological functions and compromising ecosystem stability. They also act as vectors of toxic pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms, increasing their ecological and health risks. In response, filtration technologies, bioremediation and regulations have been developed to restrict their use, although their effectiveness is still limited. Despite scientific and regulatory advances, challenges remain in their management, requiring a comprehensive approach based on prevention, mitigation and stricter environmental policies. It is crucial to continue researching their long-term effects and to develop sustainable solutions to reduce their impact.