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Detoxification-associated polyvinyl chloride micro- and nanoplastics clearance and liver metabolomic responses in mice.
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Mice were fed regular or aged PVC microplastic particles to study how the particles spread through the body and left it. Both types built up quickly in the liver, spleen, heart and lung, then mostly cleared within 72 hours, though aged particles caused more intense short-term liver changes while larger original particles caused longer-lasting effects like oxidative stress and inflammation.
Aged PVC (A-PVC) exhibits distinct surface chemistry from original PVC that may result in different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic behaviors, yet relevant evidence remains limited. This study investigated the tissue distribution, excretion kinetics and liver metabolic responses of PVC and its debris A-PVC in C57BL/6J mice following acute oral exposure. Py-GC/QTOF measurement revealed that both particles rapidly accumulated in major organs of liver, spleen, heart and lung, and that the particle burdens in the measured organs declined substantially by 72 h, which was further verified by the multiple imaging analysis. Although histopathological and biochemical alterations gradually attenuated during recovery, small A-PVC elicited more severe acute biological responses, whereas large original PVC produced relatively sustained toxic effects characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation and endocrine disruption. These findings highlight aging-associated alterations in the kinetic behavior of PVC MNPs. Notably, the organ specific clearance patterns of 300-1300 nm aged PVC are consistent with a hypothesized non-biliary intestinal excretion pathway, which warrants further verification.
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Mice orally exposed to polystyrene or mixed polymer microspheres showed plastic particle distribution across multiple tissues including the liver, kidney, and spleen, with metabolomic analysis revealing distinct alterations in lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolism pathways.
Combined exposure to polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene microplastics induces liver injury and perturbs gut microbial and serum metabolic homeostasis in mice
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Mice exposed to a combination of PVC and polystyrene microplastics for 60 days developed liver damage, gut barrier breakdown, and disrupted gut bacteria. The co-exposure also raised cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both blood and liver, and altered hundreds of metabolites related to fat metabolism. Since people are typically exposed to multiple types of microplastics simultaneously, this study suggests the combined effects may be worse than exposure to a single type alone.
A new insight of size-dependent plastics particles kinetics with regarding of metabolomics effects in liver and kidney
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Researchers developed a comprehensive extraction and detection protocol to track polystyrene particles of three sizes (80 nm, 2 µm, and 20 µm) across multiple organs in exposed animals, finding that smaller particles accumulated more broadly — reaching the brain, liver, spleen, and kidney — while liver and kidney metabolism was disrupted in size-dependent but distinct ways.
Comparative Analysisof Metabolic Dysfunctions Associatedwith Pristine and Aged Polyethylene Microplastic Exposure via theLiver-Gut Axis in Mice
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Researchers fed mice low doses of pristine and aged polyethylene microplastics for several weeks and analyzed changes in blood metabolites, liver proteins, and gut bacteria. Both forms caused lipid metabolism disruptions and reduced beneficial gut bacteria, with aged microplastics showing greater toxicity linked to changes in fatty acid processing enzymes.
Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Dysfunctions Associated with Pristine and Aged Polyethylene Microplastic Exposure via the Liver-Gut Axis in Mice
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Mice fed both new and weathered polyethylene microplastics developed disrupted fat metabolism, liver oxidative stress, and shifts in gut bacteria, with weathered (aged) particles causing more severe effects. This study suggests that the microplastics people encounter in the real world, which have been degraded by sunlight and time, may be more harmful than the pristine particles typically used in lab studies.
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