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Understanding bioplastics adoption in Greece using survey data and policy analysis
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A survey of 203 people in Greece, combined with a review of European and Greek plastic laws, found that most people had heard of "bioplastics" but held misconceptions about what they are made of and how to dispose of them. People generally viewed bioplastics positively, though cost, limited recycling infrastructure, and unclear rules were seen as barriers, with age and education affecting attitudes.
The increasing environmental concerns of using conventional petroleum-based plastics have intensified interest in sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics. As the European Union advances circular economy policies and measures to reduce plastic pollution, understanding public perceptions and acceptance of bioplastics become increasingly important for effective policy implementation. This study investigates the adoption of bioplastics in Greece by combining policy analysis with survey-based research on citizen awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. The research examines the European and Greek legislative framework governing bioplastics, including the Single-Use Plastics Directive (EU) 2019/904, EN 13432:2000, and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR). In parallel, an online questionnaire was distributed to citizens across Greece, collecting 203 valid responses. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics through frequency analysis and cross-tabulation techniques to identify relationships between demographic characteristics and perceptions of bioplastics. The findings indicate that while awareness of the term “bioplastics” is relatively widespread, significant misconceptions remain regarding their composition, biodegradability, and proper disposal methods. Respondents generally expressed positive attitudes toward bioplastics and recognized their environmental benefits, however, barriers such as higher costs, limited public awareness, insufficient composting infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainties were identified as important obstacles to wider adoption. Statistical analysis revealed that demographic factors, particularly age and educational level, influence perceptions and attitudes toward bioplastics. The study concludes that successful bioplastics adoption in Greece requires a comprehensive approach that combines clear legislation, standardized labeling, public education, improved waste-management infrastructure, and targeted policy incentives. The findings contribute to understanding the social dimensions of sustainable material transitions and provide recommendations for policymakers, waste-management authorities, and other stakeholders seeking to support the integration of bioplastics within a circular economy framework.
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