Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions (KAP) of Microplastic Pollution Among Households in the Tecolutla River Basin, Mexico

Understanding how communities perceive and respond to plastic pollution is essential, as microplastics (MPs) represent a global environmental challenge with potential implications for ecosystems, human health, and food security; however, knowledge regarding local perceptions in watersheds characterized by intensive plastic use and poor waste management remains limited. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) among household heads in the Tecolutla River Basin, Mexico. A structured questionnaire was administered to 398 households spread across seven municipalities. The instrument included sociodemographic variables and items rated on a five-point Likert scale. Knowledge and attitude scores were higher than perception scores. Participants expressed stronger agreement that microplastic pollution is a serious global problem, while agreement regarding its toxicity and potential effects on human health was lower. They also reported willingness to learn more about microplastics and participate in community activities. This survey assessed household responses; it did not measure environmental microplastics or identify their sources in the watershed. These findings identify topics for environmental education and community engagement in the surveyed municipalities, particularly the potential health effects of microplastics and opportunities for voluntary participation.