Regulatory Approaches to Plastic Mitigation

Originally hailed for their versatility and durability, plastics have become one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time. Their widespread accumulation particularly in marine ecosystems has led to serious implications for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human health. This chapter delves into the full lifecycle of plastic materials, focusing on the growing threat posed by microplastics (MPs), which are now considered a potential planetary boundary issue. It provides a critical overview of evolving regulatory measures across local, national, and global levels aimed at reducing plastic production, limiting consumption, and improving post-consumer waste management. Special attention is given to policies targeting single-use plastics and emerging strategies to control MP contamination. By identifying existing gaps in implementation and enforcement, the chapter underscores the need for integrated and context-sensitive policy solutions. It calls for collaborative global efforts and sustained legislative action to reduce plastic pollution and protect environmental and public health.