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Membrane-based Separation of Microplastics with their Advancements and Prospects
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This review summarizes existing research on methods for removing microplastics from water, soil, and air, focusing on membrane-based filters. It describes membranes made from materials like MOFs, zeolites, and carbon nanomaterials, and discusses their reported advantages and drawbacks for separating microplastics from drinking water and wastewater.
Microplastics (MPs) are tiny particles of size less than 5 mm in diameter released in various forms either from primary or secondary sources in the environment. MPs are emerging as non-biodegradable plastic pollutants present everywhere in the environment and causing serious damage to ecosystem and human health. MPs can pass into our body either via food, air, or skin contact. Microplastics predominately present in water have become the primary concern, for this purpose, a variety of preliminary techniques (primary, secondary, or tertiary) were employed to remove microplastics from the food supply chain particularly from water, soil, and air etc. To address microplastic pollution, researchers have utilized various methods including sedimentation, air flotation and activated sludge, rapid sand filtration, coagulation and biodegradation treatment for the removal of microplastics from wastewater. In addition, the membrane-based purification methods are extensively tested for the removal of MPs. Recently, researchers have modified membranes made of MOF, M-Xene, zeolites, carbon nanomaterials and metals for the separation of microplastics. This chapter primarily focus on different membrane-based techniques including membrane bioreactors, PDMP, COFs-MOFs hybrid membranes, ceramic-based photolytic membrane, Electron spun Polyamide membrane, Holey Ti3C2x Nano-sheets-based membrane, Ag-TiO2 Photocatalytic membrane and GO-PVA-based M-Xene membrane for the separation of microplastics. The reader will also find useful information regarding advantages, and drawbacks of membrane-based methods which can be used to reduce microplastic pollution. This chapter also revealed the effectiveness of many composite membrane-based advanced techniques used for the removal of MPs/NPs from potable water, wastewater, or any other sources, along with the improvements in their limitations.
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