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An emerging threat in sand filtration systems: microplastic-induced increased migration of antibiotics and heavy metals
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Sand filters in wastewater treatment plants reduced the mass of microplastics in effluent but increased the count of smaller particles, suggesting filtration fragments larger pieces rather than eliminating microplastics entirely. This finding indicates that conventional sand filtration is insufficient for microplastic removal and may inadvertently increase the release of smaller, potentially more bioavailable particles into freshwater streams.
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This review examines how microplastics in wastewater treatment plants adsorb antibiotics and facilitate biofilm formation, accelerating the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria into surrounding ecosystems. The convergence of microplastic pollution and antibiotic resistance represents a dual public health threat, as WWTPs act as conduits that amplify and distribute both contaminants into waterways used for drinking and agriculture.
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major conduits for microplastics into the environment, yet even advanced treatment systems fail to fully remove the smallest particles before discharge. Understanding microplastic fate across treatment stages is essential for developing targeted mitigation strategies that reduce the tonnage of plastic particles entering rivers, soils, and ultimately the food supply.
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