Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems

Microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment have emerged as a significant concern due to their potential ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts on human health. MPs have the potential to be consumed by aquatic organisms across various trophic levels, either through direct ingestion or indirectly, and subsequently transferred through aquatic food chains, resulting in diverse impacts on ecosystems and organisms. Additionally, MPs have the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical contaminants found in the environment and emit hazardous plastic additives. This chapter addresses the impact of MPs on aquatic species at various trophic stages. It also covers the impact of MPs and other contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem. We highlight ongoing research on the trophic transmission of MPs and related pollutants in the aquatic food web. In conclusion, this chapter explores the potential human health risks associated with MPs in the food chain and through dietary exposure, highlighting the need for further research, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to protect public health.