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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Environmental Sources Marine & Wildlife Sign in to save

The Spread and Origins of Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Environments

2025
J.S. Bhagya, K. L. Priya, Suchith Chellappan, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba, M. S. Indu, Soufiane Haddout, P.G. Reji

Summary

This chapter examines the sources, distribution, fate, and transport mechanisms of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, tracing their origins from multiple plastic product categories and detailing the physical and chemical processes that govern their spread through waterways.

Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of their sources, distribution, fate, and transport mechanisms in aquatic environments. Beginning with an examination of the origins of microplastics from macroplastic debris, the chapter elucidates the processes through which they enter aquatic systems. The widespread distribution of microplastics across aquatic realms, from surface waters to sediments, emphasizing their pervasive nature, are discussed. The intricate fate and transport dynamics of microplastics, influenced by factors are analyzed. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the current understandings and knowledge gaps and offers research directions for future studies.

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