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Advances in Circular Economy Frameworks for Textile Waste Management and Next-Generation Bio-Based Fibers

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This review paper looks at ways to recycle old clothes and create new plant or fungus based fabrics instead of relying on petroleum based synthetics. This matters because textile waste is piling up in landfills and shedding microplastics into our water, soil, and eventually, the food we eat.

Abstract: The global textile and apparel industry produces over 92 million tons of solid waste annually, contributing significantly to landfill congestion, microplastic pollution, and atmospheric emissions. Traditional linear economic models—characterized by high-volume production, rapid consumption, and premature disposal—are fundamentally unsustainable given finite natural resources and ecological degradation. This paper evaluates modern circular economy frameworks designed to decouple textile production from virgin resource extraction. We systematically compare current mechanical and chemical textile recycling technologies, focusing on energy metrics, fiber degradation, and process scalability for complex fabric blends (e.g., cotton-polyester). Furthermore, this study explores next-generation bio-based fibers derived from agricultural waste, fungal mycelium networks, and microbial cellulose as viable alternatives to petroleum-derived synthetic polymers. Integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) indicators with policy tools like Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), this work outlines a comprehensive strategic roadmap toward closed-loop textile ecosystems.

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Advances in Circular Economy Frameworks for Textile Waste Management and Next-Generation Bio-Based Fibers

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