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Cross-scale effects of microplastics in anaerobic digestion: Implications for food waste treatment and digestate safety
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This review examines how microplastics entering wastewater treatment plants disrupt anaerobic digestion by inducing oxidative stress in microbial communities and acting as vectors for adsorbed pollutants such as heavy metals, antibiotics, and organic contaminants. Because anaerobic digestion is the primary method for stabilizing sewage sludge, microplastic-driven disruption has direct consequences for both treatment efficiency and the safety of biosolids applied to agricultural land.
Occurrence and Fate of Microplastics in Anaerobic Digestion of Dewatered Sludge
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Researchers found that microplastics introduced during wastewater treatment are transferred into sewage sludge and survive the anaerobic digestion process, meaning they remain present when sludge is applied to agricultural land. This pathway represents a significant and underappreciated route for microplastic pollution to enter terrestrial ecosystems.
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Researchers analyzed the behavior of microplastics within anaerobic digestion processes used to treat sewage sludge, examining how particles affect microbial activity, biogas yield, and digestate quality, and what treatment modifications can improve removal. Because sewage sludge is widely applied to agricultural land as fertilizer, microplastics surviving digestion become a direct vector for soil contamination and crop uptake.
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Microplastics from consumer products like toothpaste, synthetic fabrics, and vehicle tyres accumulate in sewage wastewater and pose challenges for anaerobic digestion treatment systems. Understanding how anaerobic digestion interacts with microplastics is critical for developing wastewater treatment strategies that prevent these persistent pollutants from entering soil and water ecosystems.
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