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Applications and Countermeasures of Rapid Soil Pollution Detection Technologies in Agricultural Production
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This review paper looks at new fast-testing tools that can quickly check farmland soil for harmful contamination like heavy metals, chemical pollutants, and microplastics, instead of relying on slow, expensive lab tests. Catching soil pollution early matters because contaminated soil can lead to contaminated crops, meaning these quicker detection methods could help keep unsafe levels of toxins out of the food we eat. The paper doesn't introduce a new test itself, but summarizes existing technologies and points out where they still need improvement before they can be widely used on farms.
As agricultural intensification and industrialization continue to accelerate in China, soil pollution in farmland has become increasingly prominent, posing serious threats to food safety and ecosystem health due to heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microplastics. Although traditional laboratory detection methods feature high accuracy, they suffer from limitations including prolonged detection duration, high costs, and complex operational procedures, rendering them incapable of meeting the demand for real-time, rapid assessment of soil quality in modern agriculture. In this paper, the research progress of rapid detection technology of soil pollution in recent years is systematically reviewed, and the principle and characteristics of mainstream technologies such as visible near infrared spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy are analyzed. On this basis, the application value of these technologies in farmland heavy metal screening, sampling optimization, nutrient detection and contaminated site investigation was discussed, the limitations of current technologies were analyzed, and the future development strategy of rapid detection technology was put forward, in order to provide technical support for the prevention and control of agricultural soil pollution and sustainable development.
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