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Central nervous system concentrations of nano- and microplastics and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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A new study found that people with ALS (a serious disease that damages nerve cells controlling muscles) had higher levels of tiny plastic particles in their blood and spinal fluid compared to people without the disease. While this doesn't prove plastics cause ALS, it's possible the disease itself leads to more plastic buildup, the findings raise concerns that everyday plastic exposure might play a role in nerve damage, making this an important area for future research.
Growing evidence suggests that microplastics, particularly nanoplastics, may be neurotoxic. However, there are few studies of neurologic diseases, especially amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In a hospital-based case-control study, we measured concentrations of nano- and microplastics (size 0.1-10 µm) in serum and CSF among 24 newly diagnosed cases of ALS and 20 controls. Adjusting for sex and age, we found a strong positive association between serum and CSF microplastic concentrations and higher microplastic concentrations in the CSF and serum of ALS cases compared with controls. In spline regression analyses, CSF microplastic concentrations showed a positive monotonic association with odds of ALS. Serum microplastic concentrations also showed a positive association with ALS, but only above a certain threshold. Among ALS cases, serum-but not CSF-microplastic concentrations were positively associated with neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage. Given the case-control design, we cannot rule out reverse causation (i.e. that ALS-related factors caused greater bioaccumulation of microplastics) or the possibility that the association reflects changes in lifestyle or other chemical exposures. However, the observed pattern raises the possibility of an aetiologic role of nano- and microplastics in motor neuron degeneration and indicates higher CNS concentrations of these chemicals in ALS cases.
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This review explores how nanoplastics -- tiny plastic particles that can cross the blood-brain barrier -- may contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Nanoplastics trigger brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, and they disrupt the gut-brain connection, all of which are key features of ALS progression.
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