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Loop Lines (Traplines): A New Emerging Terminal Device in Pelagic Longline Swordfish Fisheries
Summary
This review looks at "loop lines," a newer swordfish fishing tool that uses loops of fishing line instead of baited hooks, and finds it may catch swordfish more efficiently while accidentally trapping fewer sea turtles and seabirds. However, since this gear can be lost at sea more easily, it may add to ocean plastic pollution — plastic that can break down into microplastics and eventually end up in the seafood we eat. More research is needed before we know the full trade-offs of this fishing method.
Loop lines (also known as traplines) represent a recent innovation in pelagic longline fisheries, particularly targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Originating in Japanese fisheries during the mid-2000s, their use has expanded across the Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean, yet remains poorly documented in fishing gear classifications and scientific literature. Loop lines consist of concentric monofilament loops attached to the branch line, replacing the conventional hook-and-bait terminal component. Available evidence suggests that this device may enhance swordfish catch rates while exhibiting high selectivity and reduced bycatch of non-target species such as seabirds and turtles. Preliminary observations also indicate size selectivity towards medium-sized individuals. Despite these potential advantages, concerns remain regarding fish welfare, meat quality, operational efficiency, and the risk of increased plastic pollution through gear loss. Given their growing adoption and possible implications for stock assessment, ecosystem impacts, and fisheries management, systematic data collection and observer-based studies are urgently needed to properly characterize their performance and environmental effects.