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Molecular insights into microplastics facilitating organic matter transformation during thermal hydrolysis of sludge
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Interaction mechanisms between microplastics and environmental endocrine disruptors during hydrothermal treatment of sludge
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Hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge microplastics reduced their release of bisphenol A and phenol compared to untreated microplastics, while sludge components enhanced adsorption of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals onto the microplastic surface. This is important because sludge is widely applied to agricultural land as fertilizer, and microplastics in sludge act as carriers that can mobilize endocrine disruptors into soils, crops, and ultimately human food and water.
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Researchers found that microplastics introduced during wastewater treatment are transferred into sewage sludge and survive the anaerobic digestion process, meaning they remain present when sludge is applied to agricultural land. This pathway represents a significant and underappreciated route for microplastic pollution to enter terrestrial ecosystems.
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Researchers are using genomics and proteomics to identify and engineer microbes and enzymes capable of breaking down microplastics in the environment, a field that holds promise for biological cleanup of plastic pollution. Understanding which genes and proteins drive plastic degradation could lead to targeted bioremediation strategies for soils and waterways contaminated with persistent plastic fragments.
Microbial Degradation of Microplastics
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Microbial communities capable of colonizing and partially degrading plastic surfaces have been identified across global environments, raising the possibility of harnessing them for bioremediation of the plastic pollution crisis. However, current microbial degradation rates are far too slow to keep pace with plastic production, making engineered enhancement of these pathways a research priority.
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