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Ecotoxicokinetics as a section of ecotoxicology (review)
Summary
This review examines ecotoxicokinetics as a branch of ecotoxicology, covering patterns of ecotoxicant distribution, accumulation, and transformation in the environment and how these processes influence toxic effects in ecosystems. Special attention is given to emerging contaminants including pharmaceuticals and microplastics, and to biotransformation and bioaccumulation strategies for pollutant removal from ecosystems.
The review discusses the main achievements of ecotoxicokinetics as a section of ecotoxicology in research of patterns of ecotoxicants distribution, accumulation and transformation in the environment and the influence of these processes on manifestation of toxic effects in ecosystems. The paper indicates the role of ecotoxicokinetics in the development of methods for removing ecotoxicants from ecosystems using biotransformation and bioaccumulation and improvement environmental pollution monitoring. Special attention is paid to current study of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, microplastics and nanoparticles in ecosystem components, analysis of problems encountered and approaches to their solution within the framework of ecotoxicokinetics.