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Closing the Implementation Gap: Strengthening Plastic Management in Bhutan

Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern 2026
Marlene Kammerer, Dechen Lham, Nedup Tshering

Summary

Bhutan has strong laws to fight plastic pollution, but this report finds that putting those laws into action is falling short in real life. Less plastic waste means less of it breaking down into microplastics that can end up in our water, food, and eventually our bodies, so closing this gap between good policy and real-world practice matters for protecting public health. The researchers spent time in the field identifying what's holding progress back and offer practical steps to help Bhutan actually deliver on its environmental promises.

Bhutan has established ambitious policies to tackle plastic pollution, yet implementation continues to lag behind policy ambition. Based on extensive field-work, this policy brief identifies the main barriers to effective plastic management and outlines practical recommendations for closing the implementation gap.

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