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СЛЕД МИКРОПЛАСТИКА В ГЕРОНТОЛОГИИ: МЕТААНАЛИЗ ЕГО РОЛИ В МОДУЛЯЦИИ ДОЛГОЛЕТИЯ
Summary
This meta-analysis of 33 studies examined how microplastics may affect aging and longevity. It found that microplastic exposure was linked to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging markers, suggesting that long-term microplastic accumulation in the body could potentially accelerate the aging process.
Микропластик (МП) — повсеместный загрязнитель, потенциально влияющий на здоровье и процессы старения. Цель метаанализа — изучение роли МП в модуляции биомаркеров старения и долголетия на основе 33 исследований (n=1400 наблюдений) за 2010–2025 гг., отобранных по PRISMA из PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLibrary. Наличие МП значительно повышало уровень АФК (ROS, SMD=0,56; 95 % ДИ 0,45–0,67; p<0,001), воспаления (IL-6, TNF-α; SMD=0,52; 95 % ДИ 0,39–0,65; p<0,001) и клеточной сенесценции (p16, p21; SMD=0,44; 95 % ДИ 0,30–0,58; p<0,001). У человека (n=783) МП накапливался в мозге (до 4806 мкг/г), коррелируя с деменцией (OR 3,2; 95 % ДИ 2,5–4; p<0,05). В моделях (n=617) продолжительность жизни (lifespan) сокращалась на 12–20 % (SMD=–0,51; p<0,001). Гетерогенность (I2=56–65 %) обусловлена типами МП и экспозицией, публикационный сдвиг отсутствовал (тест Эггера, p=0,32). Впервые систематизированы данные о геронтологических рисках МП, подчёркивая их системное воздействие и необходимость исследований у человека. Microplastics (MPs), a widespread pollutant, may impact health and aging processes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess MPs’ role in modulating aging biomarkers and longevity, analyzing 33 studies (n=1400 observations) from 2010–2025, selected via PRISMA from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary. MPs significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS, SMD=0,56; 95% CI 0,45–0,67; p<0,001), inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α; SMD=0,52; 95% CI 0,39–0,65; p<0,001), and cellular senescence (p16, p21; SMD=0,44; 95% CI 0,30–0,58; p<0,001). In humans (n=783), MPs accumulated in the brain (up to 4806 μg/g), correlating with dementia (OR 3,2; 95% CI 2,5–4; p<0,05). In models (n=617), lifespan decreased by 12–20% (SMD=–0,51; p<0,001). Heterogeneity (I²=56–65%) stemmed from MP types and exposure; no publication bias was detected (Egger’s test, p=0,32). This study fi rst systematizes data on MPs’ gerontological risks, highlighting their systemic effects and underscoring the need for human studies.
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