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Invisible Threats: Ecophysiological Effects of Microplastics on Human Physiological and Neurological Systems
Summary
Tiny plastic particles from our food, water, and air may be able to enter our bodies and even cross into the brain, where they could trigger inflammation linked to diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, according to this review of existing research. Scientists still don't know exactly how much exposure is dangerous or what happens with long-term contact, but the early evidence is concerning enough to take seriously—especially since eating contaminated fish appears to be one major exposure route.
Microplastics have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in soil ecosystems, food systems, water, and air. There is growing evidence that these particles can enter the human body by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, which raises questions about possible physiological and neurological effects. The objective of this study is to compile the most recent research on the origins of microplastics, exposure routes, and possible health impacts on humans, with a focus on neurological and eco-physiological processes. Numerous organ systems, including the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems, may be impacted by microplastics’ potential to cause oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and cellular toxicity. Additionally, new research suggests that microplastic particles may be able to pass through biological barriers like the blood–brain barrier and cause neurotransmitter imbalance and neuroinflammation. This Review talks about Chronic Neurodegeneration: Chronic inflammation that triggers a cycle of neuronal deterioration, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other neurological illnesses in humans. Additionally, the paper talks about how MPs may facilitate the entry of other toxic substances into fish, which affects humans in the form of bioaccumulation. These toxins can accumulate in fish that consume MPs, endangering both the fish and the humans who consume them. Significant information gaps about long-term human exposure and toxicity thresholds still exist despite expanding research. In order to limit human exposure to microplastics, environmental policies and mitigation measures must take these mechanisms into account. Major Findings: The major findings suggest that microplastics get into the human body through the contaminated food chain, where microplastics cause neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Substantial knowledge gaps are present about the long-term effects on human health.