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Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Selected Surface Waters of Sulaymaniyah Governorate: Multivariate Analysis, Seasonal Variation, and Ecological Risk
Summary
Researchers tested surface waters in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, and found tiny plastic particles (microplastics) and heavy metals contaminating the water, with higher levels showing up in winter compared to spring. Since these waters can end up in drinking supplies or the food chain, the findings are a reminder that everyday water sources may carry hidden pollutants worth monitoring, especially in regions with limited water treatment infrastructure.
Both Microplastics (MPs) and Heavy Metals (HMs) are among many other toxic substances that deteriorate ecosystems and organisms. The degradation of larger plastic debris results in MPs but may also be manufactured purposely as small pellets or as powders to serve commercial purpose; furthermore, if not handled properly, they will end up accumulating in the ecosystem. HMs are also used extensively in agriculture and some industries which eventually is for producing human beneficials; nevertheless, their enormous leaching into the environment is widely known for being disastrous to public health. This study monitored both of these dangerous substances, as well as major cations, in multiple interlinked surface water locations of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate; additionally, the chemicals were corelated and compared to other regional and worldwide studies. Ecological risk assessment (ERA) was also affixed to evaluate the problem more and warn the public about it. Seasonal comparison between winter and spring was done, and winter had more abundance of MPs and in some of the metals.