Engineering Various Morphologies of 2 Dimensional Nanomaterials for Enhanced Nanolubricant Efficiency: A Review

A revolutionary method for addressing issues with contemporary lubrication systems, such as wear, friction, and thermal instability, is the incorporation of 2- dimensional (2D) nanoparticles as additives in nanolubricants. The 2D nanomaterials are perfect for improving the tribological performance of lubricants because of their special qualities, which include high specific surface area, great thermal conductivity, and remarkable chemical stability. However, these materials’ dimensional morphology - which includes forms like sheets, flakes, nanospheres, and nanoflowers - is crucial in defining how they interact with base oils and contact surfaces, which in turn affects how effective they are as nanolubricant additives. This work offers a thorough analysis of the synthesis processes - such as chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal synthesis, solvothermal procedures, and exfoliation techniques - that are used to create various dimensional morphologies of 2D nanomaterials. Every synthesis technique is evaluated for its impact on the structural and functional characteristics of the final nanomaterials, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and morphological control. The connection between dimensional morphology and tribological performance is also examined, emphasizing the ways in which particular morphologies support base oil dispersion behavior, wear resistance, friction reduction, and thermal stability. Concerning scalability, affordability, and compatibility with different lubricant formulations, the review also highlights the present difficulties in creating and applying 2D nanomaterials in nanolubricants. The development of next-generation nanolubricants with specific qualities for industrial and automotive applications is finally advanced by suggesting future research areas. The significance of morphological optimization and synthesis processes in utilizing the complete potential of 2D nanomaterials for high-performance lubricating systems is highlighted by this work. HIGHLIGHTS Morphology control for optimal performance. Tailored and enhanced morphology of 2D nanomaterial creating stronger, protective films on contact surfaces. Synergistic interaction of base oils with additive promoting thermal stability and better load carrying capacity. Thinner layers and larger surface areas in 2D nanomaterials promote strong boundary films, reducing metal-to-metal contact under extreme conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT