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Wet and dry atmospheric deposition of microplastics at urban, suburban, rural and mountainous sites in Switzerland
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Scientists tracked tiny plastic particles falling from the air (in rain and dust) across Switzerland for a year, finding that cities had roughly three times more microplastic fallout than rural or mountain areas. Since these particles settle onto farmland, water supplies, and everywhere we breathe, live, and grow food, this research helps confirm that air is a major pathway for microplastic exposure—even in areas far from obvious pollution sources.
Abstract. Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants of global concern. Although the relevance of the atmosphere in the transport and distribution of MPs worldwide has been acknowledged, country-scale quantitative data on wet and dry MP deposition rates remain limited. We therefore quantified MPs in wet and dry atmospheric deposition samples collected on a four-weekly basis over a one-year period between May 2024 and May 2025 at one urban (Zurich), one suburban (Duebendorf), two rural (Magadino and Payerne) and one mountainous site (Chaumont) in Switzerland. We used focal plane array µ-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to identify MPs in the 20–215 μm size range and included a rigorous assessment of the measurement uncertainties. Particle sizes were converted into masses to obtain mass deposition rates. The number- and mass-based MP deposition rates were highest at the urban site, with respective means of 881 MPs m−2 d−1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 562–1199] and 53 μg m−2 d−1 [CI: 17–107]. The deposition rates were lower and similar among the remaining sites, ranging from 249 to 331 MPs m−2 d−1 [CI: 140–478] and from 13 to 21 μg m−2 d−1 [CI: 4–46]. Based on the determined deposition rates and land-use statistics, an annual MP deposition of 219 tonnes or 3.8·1014 particles was estimated for regions < 2000 m above sea level across Switzerland. Annual atmospheric inputs of MPs to Swiss agricultural land and surface waters were estimated at 78 and 10 tonnes, respectively.
More Papers Like This
Wet and dry atmospheric deposition of microplastics in Switzerland
AI summary Read the abstract
Scientists found that tiny plastic particles are constantly falling from the sky in Switzerland, with tire dust making up most of this plastic pollution - about 10 times more than other types of plastic. These microplastics are landing on our soil, water, and food sources throughout the country, including in remote mountain areas. This matters because we're being exposed to these plastic particles through the air we breathe and potentially through contaminated food and water.
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AI summary Read the abstract
Scientists tracked tiny plastic particles falling from the air across Switzerland for a year and found that cities have much higher microplastic "rain" than rural or mountain areas—meaning urban air is a bigger source of plastic pollution settling onto land, water, and potentially into what we breathe. Based on these measurements, an estimated 219 tonnes of microplastics fall on Switzerland each year, landing on farmland and waterways, which raises questions about how much of this plastic could work its way into our food and water supply over time.
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Researchers measured airborne microplastic deposition across urban, rural, and forest areas in South Africa and found microplastics falling from the sky everywhere, with urban areas receiving the highest amounts at about 356 particles per square meter per day. This means people are continuously exposed to microplastics through the air they breathe, even in relatively remote locations.
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