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Smart nano-biomaterials from lignin for packaging and cosmetics

2026
Meenu Thakur, Ambika Raita, Kirti Thakur, Suraj Kumar

Summary

Scientists are turning to lignin—a plant material left over from wood and plant processing—as a safer alternative to plastic packaging, which can shed tiny microplastic particles linked to health concerns. This review summarizes research showing lignin's natural antioxidant properties also make it useful in sunscreens and anti-aging skincare products, since it can help protect skin from UV damage and neutralize skin-damaging molecules. While promising, this is an overview of existing studies rather than new experimental proof, so more testing is needed before these lignin-based products become widely available.

The increasing reliance on fossil fuel-based polymers has not only raised serious environmental concerns but also highlighted the urgent need to explore sustainable alternatives such as green biopolymers. Among these, lignin stands out as an abundant and cost-effective option. It offers several advantages, including widespread availability, environmental sustainability, and economic viability. Additionally, growing awareness of the health risks associated with microplastics especially those leaching from plastic packaging has accelerated interest in renewable lignin-based nanomaterials. These materials show great promise as smart biomaterials for packaging, while their high antioxidant potential makes lignin nano-biosensors valuable in applications like UV protection, nanocarriers, and free radical scavengers in anti-aging formulations. This chapter explores the use of lignin nano-biomaterials in smart packaging and cosmetic applications. Owing to its origin from lignocellulosic biomass, lignin enhances functional properties and imparts smart features, making it a key material for driving innovation and promoting sustainability in both industries.

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