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Micro- and Nanoplastics in Agricultural Crop Systems: From Environmental Particles to Plant Phenotypes and Food-System Relevance
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Tiny plastic particles from mulch films, compost, and irrigation water are building up in farm soils, and this review pulls together existing research on how they affect crops—from stressing plant cells to potentially moving into the parts we eat. The evidence that plastics can travel from soil into food is growing but still incomplete, so scientists say more realistic farm-based studies are needed before we know exactly how much this matters for what ends up on our plates.
Micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are increasingly recognized as persistent contaminants in agricultural systems, where repeated inputs from mulch films, biosolids, composts, irrigation water, and atmospheric deposition create sustained exposure pathways for crops. Although various studies report effects on crop growth and physiology, mechanistic interpretation remains limited because outcomes vary widely across experiments and are often discussed without appropriate attention to exposure context, particle properties, and evidentiary strength. This review advances an agroecosystem-centered, evidence-aware framework for interpreting how MPs/NPs influence crops from environmental entry to plant phenotype. We argue that crop responses cannot be inferred from polymer identity alone, but must be interpreted through the interacting effects of particle size, morphology, surface chemistry, weathering state, aggregation behavior, co-contaminant associations, and exposure matrix. Within this framework, crop responses are organized along a mechanistic chain linking environmental entry and plant contact, interface behavior at root and leaf surfaces, conditional barrier crossing and transport, ROS-centered stress signaling with hormonal and ionic regulation, and downstream effects on germination, root function, photosynthesis, biomass, productivity, and quality-related traits. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing surface association, supported internalization, and supported systemic translocation, because these categories carry distinct implications for edible-tissue occurrence, crop quality, and food-system relevance. Current evidence suggests that the soil-plant-food pathway is plausible and increasingly supported, but its interpretation remains constrained by uneven analytical rigor and limited field realism. Future progress will require realistic agricultural exposure designs, stronger polymer-specific confirmation, and closer integration of mechanistic evidence with agronomic and food-system endpoints.
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Tiny plastic particles from pollution are building up in farm soils and getting absorbed by plants through their roots, then traveling up into the leaves, fruits, and other parts we eat. This review of existing research shows these plastics can interfere with how plants grow and take up nutrients, and their presence in edible crops raises real concerns about how much plastic might be ending up on our dinner plates. Scientists still need better, standardized tools to detect these particles and develop ways to keep them out of our food supply.
Microplastics in Plants: Impacts on Physiology, Food Safety, and Environmental Sustainability
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Tiny plastic bits, called microplastics, are showing up in soil everywhere and getting absorbed into crops through their roots, according to this review of existing research. This can stunt plant growth and stress the plants, and it means these plastics may end up on your plate when you eat fruits and vegetables. Scientists are still working out how much this affects human health, but the findings suggest we should pay closer attention to plastic pollution in farmland.
Assessing microplastic translocation from contaminated agricultural soils to food crops
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Tiny plastic bits from mulch films, sewage-based fertilizers, and contaminated irrigation water are building up in farm soils—and this review of existing research confirms they don't just stay in the dirt. These plastics can actually move into the edible parts of crops, harm soil health and plant growth along the way, and create a direct route for plastic to end up on your plate. The researchers call for better plastic alternatives, stronger waste management, and more study to fully understand what this means for human health long-term.
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Tiny plastic particles from broken-down waste are building up in soil and getting absorbed by plants through their roots and leaves, according to this review of existing research. Once inside, these particles can stunt seed sprouting, weaken root growth, and interfere with photosynthesis (how plants make energy from sunlight), which matters because these are the same crops we eat. Since the plastic can travel from soil into plant tissue, this raises questions about how much may be passing into our food supply and, ultimately, into us.
Microplastics in agricultural soils: sources, soil–plant interactions, ecotoxicological effects and food security concerns
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This review pulls together existing research on how tiny plastic bits get into farm soil, through mulch, wastewater, and even air, and shows they can harm soil health and be absorbed by crops. Since plants can carry these particles into the parts we eat, this raises real questions about microplastics entering our food supply and affecting human health, though more long-term studies are needed to know the full impact.
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