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Bioplastics- Types, Properties and Their Application
Summary
This review paper rounds up existing research on bioplastics — eco-friendly plastic alternatives made from things like corn, potatoes, algae, and even banana peels — which break down naturally instead of sticking around for centuries like regular plastic. This matters because traditional plastics don't fully decompose and can shed microplastics into our food, water, and bodies over time, while bioplastics offer a cheaper, renewable option already being used in packaging, medicine, and cosmetics. That said, this paper mainly summarizes how bioplastics are made and used, rather than proving they solve the pollution problem entirely.
Plastics are crucial in our daily lives, but their overuse has led to significant environmental issues, especially impacting ecosystems and the aquatic cycle. Petroleum based plastics do not decompose naturally, which exhibit the long-term environmental accumulation that harms both humans and wildlife. Excessive usage of plastic disturbs ecological harmony and contributes to diseases related to pollution. Hence, there is an immediate need for sustainable options to alternate plastic consumption. The one solution to reducing the petroleum-based plastics using a biodegradable plastic, often called bioplastics, decompose naturally and do not contribute to environmental pollution. These materials can be obtained from the renewable and natural origins, including bacteria, fungi, algae, vegetable oils, organic waste, corn, potatoes, and banana peels. A major benefit of bioplastics is capable to break down naturally within a short duration when exposed to environmental conditions. They are made from renewable basic ingredients, and their manufacturing costs are frequently cheaper than those of petroleum-based plastics. The biologically derived bioplastics are used to making the packaging, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, medical, biomedical, and agricultural sectors. These polymers are produced in large part by microorganisms. This review mainly focused to the type of bioplastics, their production processes and application.