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Environmental impact of plastic-based menstrual products in Kenya
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Most disposable pads and tampons are made of plastic and can contain harmful chemicals, including hormone-disrupting substances, that add up to serious environmental waste over time. A survey of nearly 1,000 Kenyan schoolgirls found that most are already aware of and concerned about this plastic waste problem, suggesting real demand for safer options like menstrual cups, reusable pads, or period underwear. This matters because switching to reusable products could cut down on both plastic pollution and potential chemical exposure from single-use items.
Globally, approximately 1.8 billion women of reproductive age menstruate monthly, generating significant waste from disposable menstrual products, which are primarily made of plastic and contain harmful chemicals. These products can release toxic substances, including endocrine disruptors and carcinogens, raising concerns about their environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate consumer awareness of the environmental risks associated with plastic-based menstrual products and to promote sustainable alternatives to reduce waste and pollution. The objective of this study was to assess the level of concern about impact of commercial plastic-based menstrual product waste on the environment. The study adopted a quantitative approach and descriptive survey design to collect data on the level of concern about impact of plastic-based menstrual products on the environment. Quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires distributed to randomly selected secondary school girls in boarding schools at National, Extra- County and County level in Homa-Bay County, Kenya. Data was collected from 930 students which formed 30% of the students in three selected schools. Quality control was ensured using both validity and reliability of the data collection instruments. The findings suggest that there is a high level of awareness and concern among the majority of respondents regarding the environmental consequences of plastic menstrual product waste. The high level of concern may indicate a potential demand for more sustainable alternatives and could influence future product development and environmental policies related to menstrual products. This may encourage policymakers to address these concerns through regulations or initiatives aimed at promoting safer alternatives. The study recommends promotion of sustainable menstrual product alternatives such as menstrual cups, reusable pads, and period underwear which can significantly reduce plastic waste and environmental impact; manufacturers invest in research and development of safer, sustainable alternatives and stakeholders—including policymakers, manufacturers, and advocacy groups—collaborate to implement comprehensive awareness campaigns that educate consumers about the benefits and availability of sustainable option.
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Researchers surveyed 330 women in Nakuru, Kenya and projected that the city's disposable menstrual product waste will reach 890 metric tons annually by 2049, with disposal routes including pit latrines, dumpsites, and open burning creating escalating risks of groundwater contamination, long-term microplastic pollution, and toxic emissions.
Awareness, Adoption, and Perceived Barriers to Reusable Menstrual Products Among Women: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
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A study of 104 women in India found that almost everyone had heard of reusable period products like menstrual cups and period underwear, and most understood their environmental and cost benefits—but lingering worries about comfort, hygiene, and how to use them correctly still kept many from actually switching. This matters because reusable products can cut down on plastic waste from disposable pads and tampons, but the research suggests that better education and hands-on demonstrations (not just awareness) are what's needed to help more women make the switch confidently.
A planetary health perspective on menstruation: menstrual equity and climate action
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This planetary health review highlights how conventional menstrual hygiene products generate significant plastic waste and contain potentially harmful chemicals, while many people worldwide lack adequate access to menstrual products. Reusable and sustainable alternatives could simultaneously address menstrual equity and reduce environmental plastic pollution.
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