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Chitosan-based carbonaceous adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications
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Scientists are improving chitosan (a natural material made from shrimp and crab shells) by combining it with carbon-based materials to create better water filters. This review pulls together existing research showing these upgraded filters can remove harmful contaminants from wastewater—including heavy metals, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and disease-causing microbes—more effectively than chitosan alone. Better wastewater treatment matters for human health because it helps keep dangerous pollutants and microplastics out of the water we eventually drink or use.
Chitosan-based adsorbents have drawn considerable attention due to their effective removal of hazardous pollutants, such as heavy metal ions, microplastics, and organic pollutants, including phenols, dyes, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. However, the practical application of chitosan is limited by its relatively low adsorption capacity, poor mechanical properties, and susceptibility to dissolution in acidic solutions. Therefore, chitosan is commonly modified using different techniques, including chemical and physical approaches, or combined with other adsorbent materials to enhance its structural stability and adsorption properties. Chitosan has been integrated with various materials, including natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, alginate), clay minerals (e.g., perlite and montmorillonite), inorganic materials (e.g., zeolite, metal oxides, and metal-organic frameworks), and carbonaceous materials (e.g., graphene oxide, activated carbon, biochar, and carbon nanotubes). Among these, carbonaceous materials are promising materials, due to their high surface area, porosity, and stability, which significantly improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical properties, as well as adsorption capacity. This review focuses on chitosan-based carbonaceous composite materials as adsorbents and covers several aspects, including their synthesis methods, structural and surface characteristics, mechanical properties, and adsorption performance as well as their applications in wastewater treatment, particularly for the removal heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants (such as oil, fertilizers, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals), nuclear wastes, and pathogenic microoganisms.
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This review examines the use of chitosan, a natural material derived from crustacean shells, as an adsorbent for removing pollutants from wastewater. Researchers found that chitosan-based composites, especially those enhanced with nanoparticles, are effective at removing metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and microplastics from water. The material's low cost, biodegradability, and versatility make it a promising tool for addressing water contamination worldwide.
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Our tap water and wastewater often contain tiny amounts of drugs, pesticides, and even microplastics that standard treatment plants struggle to remove completely. This review paper rounds up existing research on chitosan—a natural material made from shrimp and crab shells—showing how scientists are turning it into sponge-like filters that can soak up these unwanted pollutants from water. While the technology looks promising, the researchers note it still faces hurdles before it can be scaled up for widespread use in real water treatment facilities.
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This review examines how chitosan, a natural material derived from crustacean shells, can be used to remove pollutants including microplastics, heavy metals, and pesticides from wastewater. Chitosan's chemical structure allows it to bind and capture a wide range of contaminants, and it can be combined with other materials to improve its effectiveness. Developing affordable, biodegradable water treatment materials like chitosan could help reduce human exposure to microplastics in drinking water.
Adsorption of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Using Chitosan-Based Adsorbents
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This review examines how chitosan, a natural material made from shrimp and crab shells, can be used to remove organic pollutants including microplastics from wastewater. Different modified forms of chitosan can effectively absorb a range of contaminants like antibiotics, pesticides, and plastic particles from water. Since chitosan is biodegradable and non-toxic, it offers a sustainable alternative to chemical-based water treatment methods for reducing human exposure to microplastics and other pollutants.
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This review covers how chitosan, a natural material derived from shellfish shells, can be used to remove emerging contaminants including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and PFAS chemicals from water. Chitosan-based materials can be shaped into particles, membranes, and gels that effectively absorb a wide range of pollutants, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional water treatment methods for reducing human exposure to harmful contaminants.
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