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Remediation of War-Related Contaminants Through Geopolymer Technology: A Conservation Perspective

International Journal of Conservation Science 2026
Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergiș, Petrică Vizureanu, György Deák, Andrei Victor Sandu

Summary

War zones leave behind toxic pollution in oceans—things like heavy metals, oil, and chemical waste—that can harm sea life and contaminate the seafood we eat. This paper reviews how a special material called geopolymer (made from clay-like minerals) could act like a sponge to trap and lock away these pollutants, offering a promising cleanup tool. While the technology looks encouraging, this is a conceptual review of existing science rather than new real-world testing, so more research is needed before it's widely used.

Pollution associated with armed conflicts poses a complex threat to marine environments, including heavy metals, hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, plastic debris, and contaminated sediments. In this context, the article analyses the potential of geopolymer technology as a sustainable solution for remediating contaminants generated by military and industrial activities, with a focus on the conservation of marine ecosystems. Geopolymers, due to their aluminosilicate structure, controllable porosity, and capacity for adsorption, ion exchange, and encapsulation, can contribute to the retention and immobilization of hazardous pollutants. The paper highlights the main mechanisms through which geopolymeric materials can reduce the mobility of contaminants and limit their impact on biodiversity and water quality. The proposed approach supports the development of integrated decontamination and conservation solutions, in line with the current need to protect the marine environment affected by civil and military pollution.

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