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Gut Microbiome Perturbation and Nutritional Outcomes Under Nanoplastic Exposure

2026
Deepa Bhadana, M. Thanjaivadivel, R. Lakshmana Kumar, Bibi Ameena

Summary

This review pulls together existing research on how tiny plastic particles (nanoplastics)—along with things like antibiotics and diet—can disrupt the trillions of bacteria living in your gut, potentially weakening your gut's protective barrier, messing with nutrient absorption, and triggering inflammation. Since a healthy gut microbiome is tied to everything from immunity to metabolism, this matters because it suggests plastic pollution exposure could be quietly affecting how well your body processes nutrients and manages inflammation. The authors also discuss potential fixes, like probiotics and gut bacteria transplants, as ways

Body Systems

This chapter per the authors explores gut microbiome perturbation and nutrition-associated metabolic imbalance under nanoplastic exposure within a One Health framework linking microbial ecology with environmental and dietary stressors. It evaluates how antibiotics, diet, contaminants, and nanoplastics alter microbial diversity, barrier integrity, nutrient absorption, inflammatory signaling, and metabolic regulation across undernutrition and overnutrition states. Bidirectional microbiota–host interactions are analyzed, including immune modulation, metabolic homeostasis, and xenobiotic processing. The chapter explores microbiome-targeted interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and metagenomic profiling supported by computational analytics for dysbiosis assessment. By integrating nutritional biology, microbial ecology, and exposure science, the chapter provides a systems-level interpretation of microbiome resilience and host–environment interactions under nanoplastic stress conditions across biological and environmental systems.

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