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Aqueous All-Polymer Batteries Based on Cellulose-Based Electrodes
Summary
Scientists have developed a new type of battery made from cellulose (plant fiber) instead of the plastic and metal parts found in most batteries today. This matters because when regular batteries break down, they can shed microplastics into the environment, which are increasingly linked to health concerns as they accumulate in our water, food, and even our bodies. This early-stage battery isn't as powerful as commercial ones, but it points toward a future where everyday electronics could be less toxic and better for both the planet and human health.
Using redox-active polymers as electroactive materials enables the development of all-polymer batteries that eliminate the need for toxic or scarce metals. However, current polymer batteries typically rely on synthetic, nonbiodegradable polymers, and the “end-of-life” disposal of these batteries leads to micro- and nanoplastic pollution. This study introduces a sustainable, cellulose-based aqueous all-polymer battery featuring a TEMPO-grafted cellulose cathode (P1) and an anthraquinone-modified cellulose anode (P2), both synthesized through simple chemical modifications. Using a brine electrolyte, the cell delivers a working voltage of 1.3 V and an initial discharge capacity of approximately 90 mAh/g based on P1, retaining over 70% of its capacity after 300 cycles, with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%. By replacing nonbiodegradable carbon–carbon backbones with biomass materials, this research demonstrates a potential environmentally friendly rechargeable battery for low-energy, fast-turnover consumer electronics.