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Harnessing the nano–phyto–micro triad: A nature-based engineering framework for enhancing PGPR dynamics and sustainable agricultural productivity
Original title: Harnessing the nano–phyto–micro triad: A nature-based engineering framework for enhancing PGPR dynamics and sustainable agricultural productivity
Summary
This review paper explores how combining tiny nanoparticles, helpful soil bacteria, and biochar-based materials could help farm soil break down harmful pollutants like "forever chemicals" (PFAS) and microplastics while boosting plant growth naturally, without relying heavily on chemical fertilizers. This matters because these pollutants build up in soil and crops over time, potentially making their way into our food supply and bodies—so cleaner, healthier soil could mean cleaner, healthier food. It's important to note this is a research roundup summarizing existing science and proposing a framework, not a study proving these methods work in real farm
The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance and contaminants of emerging concern threatens the integrity of the soil-plant continuum, necessitating a shift toward biologically driven, climate-resilient agriculture. This review evaluates the Nano–Phyto–Micro Triad as a disruptive Nature-Based Solution for rhizosphere engineering, specifically designed to optimize the functional dynamics of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Moving beyond descriptive taxonomic profiling, we critically analyze the systems-level interactions between engineered nanocarriers (chitosan/silica), functionalized biochar, and microbial signaling pathways that modulate plant physiological responses. We detail the biochemical mechanisms of pollutant biotransformation (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and microplastics) and their direct impact on restoring nutrient bioavailability and phytohormonal balance (auxins, gibberellins, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase activity). By integrating high-resolution diagnostics, such as H₂¹⁸O-Stable Isotope Probing, we provide functional insights into active microbial pools that drive both soil resistome attenuation and enhanced biomass production. Furthermore, we explore the integration of nanotechnology and biosensors to improve the predictability of microbial inoculants in fluctuating field conditions. This review offers a technical roadmap for transitioning to a circular bioeconomy, aligning microbial innovation with the “One Health” vision to safeguard crop productivity, food security, and ecosystem resilience within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.