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Harnessing the nano–phyto–micro triad: A nature-based engineering framework for enhancing PGPR dynamics and sustainable agricultural productivity
Original title: Harnessing the nano–phyto–micro triad: A nature-based engineering framework for enhancing PGPR dynamics and sustainable agricultural productivity
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This review paper explores how combining tiny nanoparticles, helpful soil bacteria, and biochar-based materials could help farm soil break down harmful pollutants like "forever chemicals" (PFAS) and microplastics while boosting plant growth naturally, without relying heavily on chemical fertilizers. This matters because these pollutants build up in soil and crops over time, potentially making their way into our food supply and bodies—so cleaner, healthier soil could mean cleaner, healthier food. It's important to note this is a research roundup summarizing existing science and proposing a framework, not a study proving these methods work in real farm
The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance and contaminants of emerging concern threatens the integrity of the soil-plant continuum, necessitating a shift toward biologically driven, climate-resilient agriculture. This review evaluates the Nano–Phyto–Micro Triad as a disruptive Nature-Based Solution for rhizosphere engineering, specifically designed to optimize the functional dynamics of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Moving beyond descriptive taxonomic profiling, we critically analyze the systems-level interactions between engineered nanocarriers (chitosan/silica), functionalized biochar, and microbial signaling pathways that modulate plant physiological responses. We detail the biochemical mechanisms of pollutant biotransformation (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and microplastics) and their direct impact on restoring nutrient bioavailability and phytohormonal balance (auxins, gibberellins, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase activity). By integrating high-resolution diagnostics, such as H₂¹⁸O-Stable Isotope Probing, we provide functional insights into active microbial pools that drive both soil resistome attenuation and enhanced biomass production. Furthermore, we explore the integration of nanotechnology and biosensors to improve the predictability of microbial inoculants in fluctuating field conditions. This review offers a technical roadmap for transitioning to a circular bioeconomy, aligning microbial innovation with the “One Health” vision to safeguard crop productivity, food security, and ecosystem resilience within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Tiny plastic particles from pollution are building up in farm soil and can stunt crop growth, which matters because those crops end up on our plates. This review rounds up existing research on ways to fight back, showing that things like helpful soil bacteria, natural plant hormones, and nutrient treatments can help crops grow better and stay healthier even when contaminated with these plastics. While the solutions are promising, more research is still needed to turn these strategies into real-world farming practices that could ultimately mean less plastic contamination in our food supply.
Microplastic and nanoplastic interactions with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils: a critical review of main findings and knowledge gaps.
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Microplastics in soil (from things like compost, sewage sludge, and irrigation water) can sometimes team up with "forever chemicals" (PFAS) and carry them further into the environment, but this review of 37 studies found it's not a guaranteed effect, since it depends heavily on the type of plastic, soil conditions, and chemical properties involved. This matters because PFAS and microplastics both end up in the food we grow, but scientists still don't know exactly when or how much plastics make PFAS contamination worse, so more real-world (not just lab) testing is needed before we can say how big a risk this combo poses to our food and health
Soil Biofilms in Pollutant Dynamics and Detoxification
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This review pulls together what scientists know about tiny communities of soil microbes (called biofilms) that can trap and break down harmful pollutants like pesticides, "forever chemicals" (PFAS), microplastics, and heavy metals before they spread further into soil, water, or crops. The authors argue that combining biology with new tools like AI could help researchers better predict and boost how well these microbial communities clean up contamination naturally, which matters because reducing pollutant buildup in soil ultimately means less exposure to these harmful substances through our food and water. It's worth noting this is a review paper summarizing existing research and proposing a new
Environmental geochemistry of emerging contaminants: impacts on agroecosystem function, food security, and human health
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This review examines how emerging contaminants including microplastics, PFAS, pharmaceuticals, and engineered nanomaterials threaten agricultural ecosystems and food safety. Researchers found that these pollutants persist in soil, accumulate in crops, and disrupt beneficial soil organisms, creating complex risks that are difficult to manage with current approaches. The study emphasizes the urgent need for integrated monitoring and remediation strategies to protect both food production and human health.
Rhizosphere microbiome engineering with PGPR to combat soil-mediated climate change
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This review pulls together existing research on beneficial soil bacteria that help plants grow while also cleaning up polluted soil, breaking down heavy metals, microplastics, and other contaminants, and locking more carbon into the ground instead of the atmosphere. This matters because healthier soil means safer, more nutritious food and fewer harmful pollutants working their way up the food chain to us, all while helping fight climate change. The authors also suggest combining these soil bacteria with AI and smart sensors to make this approach more reliable for farms in the future.
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