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Systematic Review ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 1 ? Systematic review or meta-analysis. Synthesizes findings across many studies. Strongest evidence. Sign in to save

Health Implications of Microplastics in Drinking Water: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

2026
Despoina Ioannou, Maria-Nefeli Georgaki, Kanellos Skourtsidis, Georgios Kiosis, Dimitrios Kavvadas, Sofia Karachrysafi, Theodora Papamitsou

Summary

This review pulls together existing research showing that tap and bottled water are major sources of microplastics, with people swallowing tens of thousands of tiny plastic particles every year. The smallest of these particles can slip past your body's natural defenses and build up in organs like the liver and even the placenta, where they may trigger inflammation, cell damage, and disrupted metabolism. While researchers are still working out exactly how much harm this causes long-term, the findings are a strong reminder that what's in your water may be following you well beyond your next glass.

Study Type Review

This systematic review addresses the critical public health concern regarding the pervasive contamination of drinking water by microplastics (MPs). With global plastic production escalating, the degradation of waste into MPs has led to their ubiquity in freshwater sources. This review synthesizes recent findings on the occurrence of MPs in tap and bottled water and evaluates the associated toxicological risks to human health. Results indicate that humans ingest tens of thousands of particles annually, with drinking water being a significant vector. The review highlights that particles, particularly those in the nanoplastic range, can breach biological barriers, leading to bioaccumulation in secondary organs such as the liver and placenta. Toxicological impacts include oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic disruption.

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