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Microplastics, PFAs, and Rubber-Derived Pollutants from Artificial Turf: Implications for Athlete Health and Sport-Facility Management

Quality in Sport 2026
Michał Musielak, Dawid Ocicki, Aleksandra Zybert, Igor Nowiński, Iga Kobryń, M Kwiatkowski, Jakub Grabowski, Pola Kobryń, Aleksandra Borowska, Michał Bojarski

Summary

Artificial turf—common on sports fields—can shed tiny plastic particles, "forever chemicals" (PFAS), and other chemicals from rubber infill, and athletes (especially kids, goalkeepers, and indoor players) may be exposed through skin contact, breathing, or accidentally swallowing particles during play. This review of 23 existing studies found that while exposure is plausible, there's not yet solid proof that this causes long-term health problems—but it's still a good idea for facilities to improve ventilation, monitor materials, and reduce runoff as a precaution. Bottom line: the jury's still out on real-

Background. Artificial turf is widely used in sport facilities, but concerns persist about artificial-turf-derived microplastics, PFAS, and rubber-derived pollutants. Aim. This narrative review synthesizes gathered evidence on pollutant sources, exposure pathways, health-risk interpretation, and sport-facility management. Material and methods. Twenty-three publications were analyzed using a hazard-exposure-risk framework linking turf components, pollutant classes, athlete exposure routes, bioaccessibility, and management responses. Results. Artificial turf is a multi-component exposure system. Crumb-rubber particles may contain tire-derived organic chemicals, metals, PAHs, VOCs, 6PPD-related transformation products, and other additives, while fibers and backing may contribute fluorinated compounds. Exposure through dermal contact, incidental ingestion, inhalation, and environmental runoff is plausible, particularly for frequent users, youth athletes, goalkeepers, and indoor-facility users. Long-term athlete disease causation remains unproven based on the reviewed publications. Conclusions. Artificial turf pollutants should be managed as a potential sport-health and facility-governance concern through material transparency, infill evaluation, ventilation, particle containment, monitoring, runoff control, and end-of-life planning.

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