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Occurrence and Characterization of Microplastics in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Reared in the Sardinian Coastal Environments, Italy: Implications for Consumer Exposure

Foods 2026
Rita Melillo, Roberto Lonis, Giuseppa Lorenzoni, Gabriella Piras, Nicola Cogoni, Simona Cau, Sara Salza, T. Tedde, Riccardo Bazzardi, Monica Rosaria Molotzu, Giuseppe Esposito, Bruna Vodret, Domenico Meloni, Sebastiano Virgilio

Summary

Researchers checked farmed sea bream from Italy's Sardinian coast for tiny plastic bits and found them in about 1 in 4 fish, mostly in the guts rather than the edible muscle (only 8% of fish had plastic in the part we actually eat). While this means eating farmed sea bream does carry some risk of ingesting microplastics, the contamination levels found were quite low—so this study is more of a first step in understanding the issue than a reason for alarm.

Polymers
Body Systems

The objective of the present study was the determination of microplastics in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) reared in Italy and the assessment of consumer exposure. A total of sixty specimens were collected from four aquaculture facilities (A–D) located along the Sardinian coastal environment (Italy) and selected according to the principles of the risk assessment. From each Gilthead Seabream specimen, samples of gastro-intestinal tract (GI) and muscle (M) were obtained and digested using KOH 10% (1:10). The isolated microplastics were examined under the Stereomicroscope and characterized by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (μ-FTIR). Microplastics were identified in 25% of the samples. Positive fish showed plastic polymers in GI (22% and M (8%) respectively. The contamination was very limited, with a mean abundance of microplastics of 0.3 ± 0.56 and 1.2 ± 0.41 per fish and positive fish, respectively. Polypropylene, mainly blue, red and green in color, was the most detected polymer (72%). Consumers are exposed to plastic polymers via fish consumption, but so far, the implications for consumer exposure have not yet been quantified and are still being studied. The results of the present study represent the first contribution to the assessment of consumer exposure associated with the consumption of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) reared in Sardinian coastal environments, Italy.

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